Blackberry Plant Profile

For that reason, berries are the gateway fruit for many gardeners, and none are easier to grow in the home garden than the blackberry. As native North American fruiting shrubs that can typically be harvested from June to August, blackberries are primed to grow in your yard with little extra maintenance. All you need to grow summer blackberries for your pies, jams, and smoothies is a spot with full sun and a good supply of soil amendments such as compost or leaf mold. Blackberries are sold as dormant bare roots or as potted plants. They are best planted when the canes are dormant—generally in early spring. If you have the patience to grow blackberries from seed, plant them in the ground in the fall. Planted from seeds, blackberry canes generally will begin producing meaningful quantities of fruit in their second full year of growth. As members of the Rosaceae family, the cultivation of blackberries resembles that of rose bushes. Fortunately, blackberries are closer to wild roses in their ease of care than they are to a hybrid tea rose.

Blackberries will tolerate many growing conditions, but the harvest of a struggling blackberry plant will be disappointing compared to the harvest of a pampered plant. Plenty of sunshine, regular irrigation, and rich loamy soil will give plants the energy and nutrients they need to yield sweet, jumbo blackberries. Plants should be spaced 5 to 6 feet apart; if planting in rows, space the rows 5 to 8 feet apart. If necessary, amend the soil before planting so it is rich, well-drained, and slightly acidic. Blackberries should be planted relatively shallow—about 1 inch deeper than they were growing in the nursery pot. Trailing varieties of blackberries should have a trellis or other form of support to secure the canes. Sites with full sun are best for productive blackberry bushes. Some afternoon shade is tolerated, especially in areas with hot summers. Careful site selection will ensure a long life for your blackberries, which usually live for about a decade with proper care.

The ideal soil is slightly acidic with good drainage; these plants do not do well in clay soil. An elevated site or raised beds will not only help drainage but will also prevent late spring frosts from damaging flower buds. Remove all weeds that might draw nutrients or water away from your blackberries, as their shallow roots are susceptible to this competition. Keep a good layer of mulch over the root zone at all times. This will feed the plants, conserve water moisture, and keep weeds down. Blackberries need moderate amounts of water, around 1 inch per week provided either by rainfall or from ground-level irrigation. Blackberries do not fare well in wet soils. Blackberries require a period of cold dormancy to germinate, but because of their shallow root systems, they don't do well in areas where temperatures go below zero degrees routinely. Zones 5 to 8 provide the best environment for blackberries. Cold winter temperatures combined with wet spring soils may lead to plant death.

The reverse environment of hot, dry winds is also unfavorable for blackberry growing and may result in stunted, seedy fruits. Fertilize your blackberries in the spring when plants are emerging from dormancy, using a balanced formula. Fertilize plants again in the fall with an application of manure and compost, which will also suppress weeds and improve soil tilth. Blackberries are usually categorized according to their growth habit:. Semi-erect thornless varieties like 'Chester' and 'Triple Crown' grow as a clump, and benefit from a trellis. Varieties like 'Prime-Ark Traveler' produce fruit on new and old canes throughout the season. Both blackberries and raspberries belong to the Rubus genus. Blackberry and raspberry plants look very similar—both featuring thorny canes and compound leaves with toothed edges in groups of three or five.

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One key difference between the fruits of blackberries and raspberries is the way the fruits are formed. The tiny globes of the fruits, called drupelets , are attached to a white core in blackberries. Raspberries, including black raspberries, form drupelets with a hollow core. BlackBerry was a brand of smartphones and other related mobile services and devices. The line was originally developed and maintained by the Canadian company BlackBerry Limited formerly known as Research In Motion, or RIM from to , after which it was licensed to various companies. Specializing in secure communications and mobile productivity, BlackBerry was once well known for the keyboards on most of its devices and software services that ran through its own servers. On September 28, , BlackBerry Limited announced it would cease designing its own BlackBerry devices in favour of licensing to partners to design, manufacture, and market. BlackBerry 10 was meant to replace the aging BlackBerry OS platform with a new system that was more in line with the user experiences of Android and iOS platforms.

The Inter ctive Pager was a clamshell -type device that allowed two-way paging. The very first device to carry the BlackBerry name was the BlackBerry , an email pager, released January 19, Although identical in appearance to the , the was the first device to integrate email and the name Inter ctive Pager was no longer used to brand the device. The first BlackBerry device, the , was introduced in as a two-way pager in Munich, Germany. The name was chosen out of about 40 potential names, because of the resemblance of the keyboard's buttons to that of the drupelets that compose the blackberry fruit, and the instant pronunciation which reflected the speed of this push email system. In , the more commonly known convergent smartphone BlackBerry was released, which supports push email, mobile telephone, text messaging, Internet faxing , Web browsing and other wireless information services. BlackBerry gained market share in the mobile industry by concentrating on email.

The original BlackBerry device had a monochrome display while newer models installed colour displays. All newer models have been optimized for " thumbing ", the use of only the thumbs to type on a keyboard. The Storm 1 and Storm 2 include a SureType keypad for typing. Originally, system navigation was achieved with the use of a scroll wheel mounted on the right side of device models prior to the The trackwheel was replaced by the trackball with the introduction of the Pearl series, which allowed four-way scrolling. The trackball was replaced by the optical trackpad with the introduction of the Curve series. On March 5, , BlackBerry announced the signature of a large contract to secure German government Data and Voice communications. During the second financial quarter of , BlackBerry sold 6. On August 12, , BlackBerry announced the intention to sell the company due to their increasingly unfavourable financial position and competition in the mobile industry.

Following the announcement, BlackBerry announced an acceptance of the offer provisionally but it would continue to seek other offers until November 4, Chen , the former CEO of Sybase. In early July , the TechCrunch online publication published an article titled "BlackBerry Is One Of The Hottest Stocks Of , Seriously", following a 50 percent rise in the company's stock, an increase that was greater than peer companies such as Apple and Google; however, an analysis of BlackBerry's financial results showed that neither revenue or profit margin were improved, but, instead, costs were markedly reduced. During the same period, BlackBerry also introduced the new Passport handset—consisting of a 4. On December 17, , the BlackBerry Classic was introduced; it is meant to be more in line with the former Bold series, incorporating navigation buttons similar to the previous BlackBerry OS devices.

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In September , BlackBerry officially unveiled the BlackBerry Priv , a slider, with a German made camera lens with 18 megapixels, phablet that utilizes the Android operating system with additional security and productivity-oriented features inspired by the BlackBerry operating systems. On July 26, , the company hinted that another model with a physical keyboard was "coming shortly". The Priv could also be upgraded to 6. BlackBerry chief security officer David Kleidermacher stressed data security during the launch, indicating that this model included built-in malware protection and encryption of all user information. In September , BlackBerry Limited agreed to a licensing partnership with an Indonesian company to set up a new joint venture company called BB Merah Putih to "source, distribute, and market BlackBerry handsets in Indonesia". The device features a 5. In October , it was announced that BlackBerry will be working with the Ford Motor Company of Canada to develop software for the car manufacturer's connected vehicles.

In March , it was announced that BlackBerry would be working with Jaguar Land Rover to develop software for the car manufacturer's vehicles. The smartphones have been conceptualized, designed and manufactured in India. As of , BB Merah Putih's website has been repurposed, [44] [45] with BlackBerry Limited stating that only technical support will be offered for the Indonesian devices built by the company. In NTP sent notice of its wireless email patents to a number of companies and offered to license the patents to them. This court is well known for its strict adherence to timetables and deadlines, sometimes referred to as the " rocket docket ", and is particularly efficient at trying patent cases. The judge, James R. The injunction and other remedies were stayed pending the outcome of the appeals. Negotiations broke down due to other issues. On June 10, , the matter returned to the courts. In January the US Supreme Court refused to hear RIM's appeal of the holding of liability for patent infringement, and the matter was returned to a lower court.

The prior granted injunction preventing all RIM sales in the US and use of the BlackBerry device might have been enforced by the presiding district court judge had the two parties been unable to reach a settlement. The DOD also stated that the BlackBerry was crucial for national security given the large number of government users. On February 9, , RIM announced that it had developed software workarounds that would not infringe the NTP patents, and would implement those if the injunction was enforced. The agreement eliminates the need for any further court proceedings or decisions relating to damages or injunctive relief. On May 26, , BlackBerry announced that it had reached an agreement with Qualcomm Incorporated resolving all amounts payable in connection with the interim arbitration decision announced on April 12, Following a joint stipulation by the parties, the arbitration panel has issued a final award providing for the payment by Qualcomm to BlackBerry of a total amount of U.

In it was reported that BlackBerry would be filing legal action against Facebook over perceived intellectual property infringements within both Facebook Messenger and WhatsApp as well as with Instagram. At various stages of the company's history it suffered occasional service outages that have been referred to in the media as "embarrassing". In the company suffered a relatively short-term outage reportedly among a small handful of North America carriers. In the e-mail service suffered an outage which led for calls by some questioning the integrity towards BlackBerry's perceived centralized system. In the company had an outage reportedly covering the whole of North America. There were three prior attempts at opening BlackBerry stores in Toronto Canadá and London United Kingdom , [75] but they eventually folded. Paul , Philadelphia , Houston , and Newark , [77] but several have been slated for closing. On September 23, , Blackberry opened its first pop-up store in Frankfurt , Germany.

More information on certifications is on the BlackBerry. The first BlackBerry with an Android operating system was released in late November , the grams 6. It was first available in four countries but increased to 31 countries by February 28, The Priv retained the best BlackBerry 10 features. Its 3, mAh battery is said to provide The megapixel camera, with a Schneider-Kreuznach lens, can also record 4K video; a secondary selfie camera is also provided. Several important apps unique to the Priv were available from Google Play by mid December. At BlackBerry World , RIM CEO Thorsten Heins demonstrated some of the new features of the OS, including a camera which is able to rewind frame-by-frame separately of individual faces in an image, to allow selection of the best of different shots, which is then stitched seamlessly to an optimal composite, [90] an intelligent, predictive , and adapting keyboard, and a gesture based user interface designed around the idea of "peek" and "flow".

The operating system is designed for use of input devices such as the track wheel, track ball, and track pad. Previous versions allowed wireless synchronisation with Microsoft Exchange Server email and calendar, as well as with Lotus Domino email. Any application that makes use of certain restricted functionality must be digitally signed so that it can be associated to a developer account at RIM. This signing procedure guarantees the authorship of an application but does not guarantee the quality or security of the code. RIM provides tools for developing applications and themes for BlackBerry. As long as your cell phone has a data plan these messages are all free of charge. In April , BlackBerry announced that it was shutting down its streaming music service, BBM Music, which was active for almost two years since its launch. BlackBerry Messenger Music closed on June 2, The feature is a digital personal assistant to help keep you "organized, informed and productive.

In December , BlackBerry and NantHealth , a healthcare-focused data provider, launched a secure cancer genome browser, giving doctors the ability to access patients' genetic data on the BlackBerry Passport smartphone. On January 3, , BlackBerry announced that they would discontinue their services on all BlackBerry phones not running on Android on January 4. According to BlackBerry, "As of this date, devices running these legacy services and software through either carrier or Wi-Fi connections will no longer reliably function, including for data, phone calls, SMS and functionality". Several non-BlackBerry mobile phones have been released featuring the BlackBerry email client which connects to BlackBerry servers. Third-party software available for use on BlackBerry devices includes full-featured database management systems , which can be used to support customer relationship management clients and other applications that must manage large volumes of potentially complex data.

There were no versions 6 through 9. While individual users may be able to use a wireless provider's email services without having to install BES themselves, organizations with multiple users usually run BES on their own network. Some third-party companies provide hosted BES solutions. This feature is known as push email , because all new emails, contacts, task entries, memopad entries, and calendar entries are pushed out to the BlackBerry device immediately as opposed to the user synchronising the data manually or having the device poll the server at intervals. BlackBerry also supports polling email, through third-party applications. The messaging system built into the BlackBerry only understands how to receive messages from a BES or the BIS, these services handle the connections to the user's mail providers. Device storage also enables the mobile user to access all data off-line in areas without wireless service. When the user reconnects to wireless service, the BES sends the latest data.

A feature of the newer models of the BlackBerry is their ability to quickly track the user's current location through trilateration without the use of GPS, thus saving battery life and time. Trilateration can be used as a quick, less battery intensive way to provide location-aware applications with the co-ordinates of the user. However, the accuracy of BlackBerry trilateration is less than that of GPS due to a number of factors, including cell tower blockage by large buildings, mountains, or distance. Most providers offer flat monthly pricing via special Blackberry tariffs for unlimited data between BlackBerry units and BES. In addition to receiving email, organizations can make intranets or custom internal applications with unmetered traffic. With more recent versions of the BlackBerry platform, the MDS is no longer a requirement for wireless data access. Starting with OS 3. BlackBerry Internet Service is available in 91 countries internationally.

BlackBerry Internet Service was developed primarily for the average consumer rather than for the business consumer. The service is usually provisioned through a mobile phone service provider, though BlackBerry actually runs the service. The message can then be routed by a RIM Network Operations Center , and sent to a carrier, which will deliver the message the last mile to the device. The BlackBerry grew swiftly in popularity during the early s, and by had become highly popular and influential in North America. As of , RIM held 56 percent of the American smartphone market. While the iPhone from Apple Inc. Despite market share loss, on a global basis, the number of active BlackBerry subscribers has increased substantially through the years. For example, for the fiscal period during which the Apple iPhone was first released, RIM reported that they had a subscriber base of In the early s, BlackBerry struggled to compete against both the iPhone and the Android platform - after device sales peaking in , its share plunged in the years after, leading to speculation that it will be unable to survive as an independent going concern.

During the report of its third quarter results on December 18, , the company said that approximately , handsets had been sold, down from 1. Chief executive officer John Chen said that he expects the company's software business to grow at 14 percent or above the market. Due to a continuous reduction in BlackBerry users, in February the Blackberry headquarters in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, slashed 35 percent of its workforce. The decline in the Indonesian market share mirrors a global trend for the company 0. The company launched the device with a discounted offer to the first purchasers, which resulted in a stampede in the capital in which several people were injured. Research in Motion agreed to give access to private communications to the governments of United Arab Emirates [] and Saudi Arabia [] in , and India in The agencies are able to read almost all smartphone information, including SMS, location, e-mails, and notes through BlackBerry Internet Service, which operates outside corporate networks, and which, in contrast to the data passing through internal BlackBerry services BES , only compresses but does not encrypt data.

Access to the devices was re-established by GCHQ. In response to the revelations BlackBerry officials stated that "It is not for us to comment on media reports regarding alleged government surveillance of telecommunications traffic" and added that a "back door pipeline" to their platform had not been established and did not exist. Similar access by the intelligence agencies to many other mobile devices exists, using similar techniques to hack into them. BlackBerry Ltd. Initially the BlackBerry was mostly popular by corporate and business users. By the late s however, a growing number of other consumers were using it. The formerly advanced encryption capabilities of the BlackBerry Smartphone made it eligible for use by government agencies and state forces. On January 4, , Blackberry announced that older phones running Blackberry 10, 7. Former United States president Barack Obama became known for his dependence on a BlackBerry device for communication during his Presidential campaign.

Despite the security issues, he insisted on using it even after inauguration. The Hillary Clinton email controversy is associated with Hillary Clinton continuing to use her black coloured BlackBerry after assuming the office of Secretary of State. An example is the West Yorkshire Police , which has allowed the increase in the presence of police officers along the streets and a reduction in public spending, given that each officer could perform desk work directly via the mobile device, [] as well as in several other areas and situations. In the United Kingdom , South West Trains and Northern Rail have issued BlackBerry devices to guards in order to improve the communication between control, guards and passengers. In Canada , Toronto and many other municipalities within Canada have issued BlackBerry devices to most of its employees including but not limited to transportation, technical, water and operations inspection staff and all management staff in order to improve the communication between contracted construction companies, its winter maintenance operations and to assist and successfully organize multimillion-dollar contracts.

The devices are the standard mobile device to receive e-mail redirected from GroupWise. As part of their Internet of Things endeavours, the company announced plans of moving into the shipping industry by adapting the smartphones devices to the communication necessities of freight containers. Although smartphones running Google's Android mobile operating system compete with BlackBerry, Schmidt said in a interview that he uses a BlackBerry because he prefers its keyboard. The Italian criminal group known as the 'Ndrangheta was reported in February to have communicated overseas with the Gulf Cartel , a Mexican drug cartel, through the use of the BlackBerry Messenger, since the BBM Texts are "very difficult to intercept". Kim Kardashian was also a BlackBerry user. I love it. I'll never get rid of it" and "I have anxiety that I will run out and I won't be able to have a BlackBerry. I'm afraid it will go extinct. She has since been spotted using an iPhone instead.

How to Grow Blackberries (with Pictures) - wikiHow

In August , it was announced that a docudrama film about the history of the BlackBerry brand, simply titled BlackBerry , had wrapped production. BlackBerry paid several celebrities to promote its products, including Alicia Keys , [] Jessie J [] and will. Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read Edit View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Wikimedia Commons. Line of wireless handheld devices and services. This article is about the brand of electronic devices. For the film, see BlackBerry film. For its parent company, see BlackBerry Limited. For the fruit, see Blackberry. For other uses, see Blackberry disambiguation. Main article: List of BlackBerry products. Further information: BlackBerry OS. See also: BlackBerry Enterprise Server. See also: BlackBerry Messenger. Retrieved September 23, ISSN Retrieved December 3, Boy Genius Report. June 28, The New Yorker. Retrieved October 9, BBC News.

Retrieved February 4, Archived from the original on February 4, Archived from the original on February 13, Retrieved January 26, February 4, Retrieved September 3, Archived from the original on May 22, Research in Motion. April 23, Archived from the original on April 23, Retrieved July 1, January 30, Retrieved January 24, Archived from the original on October 3, Retrieved October 3, Pop Herald. Archived from the original on July 19, Retrieved July 19, Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on July 18, The Guardian. The Globe and Mail. Retrieved September 21, CBC News. September 24, Retrieved November 5, Retrieved November 17, Archived from the original on November 12, AOL Inc. Retrieved July 12, BlackBerry Blog. The New York Times. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved September 25, Retrieved November 3, PC Magazine. Retrieved October 26, Retrieved July 27, However with the rumors suggesting multiple Android devices in the works, we have to wonder where they will find the time to launch BB10 devices.

Retrieved July 26, Ars Technica. Venture Beat. October 25,